The recent progress in the Raman Spectroscopy analysis of corroded steel surfaces will be presented and discussed. During moderate processes, in particular in absence of chlorides, it is very difficult to identify the Fe-based corrosion films which are generally hydrated and quasi-amorphous; however, the use of voltametric cycles allows to monitor the thickening and crystallization of these films, leading to their identification, to the localisation of the alloying elements, and finally to a better understanding of the specific roles that Ni, Cr and over all Mo play in the prevention of corrosion. It is over all in presence of chlorides that novel results have been obtained and three points will be particularly emphasized: the formation of unstable species (Green Rusts) on roughened samples during severe corrosion processes; the local analysis around and inside pits; and, in the case of zinc coated steel sheets, the local identification of solid products around and inside the blisters grown during underpaint corrosion.