The Italian CNR (National Research Council) and MURST (Ministero Università Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica) recently approved two projects aimed at producing baseline environmental geochemical maps of the entire Italian territory. In this paper we present, as examples, some of the baseline geochemical maps compiled using the data already sampled in Campania, where the collection of stream sediment samples is in progress. The aim of our study is to show, for each element, the distribution of concentration values on the territory and define background values for environmental purposes. A total of 861 stream sediment samples, from an area of about 2,900 km2, were analyzed for 29 elements. In addition we present an example of map illustrating regional variability of factor scores of elemental associations resulting from R-mode factor analysis and a geochemical risk map showing areas potentially dangerous for human activities.