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Current Topics in Genetics   Volumes    Volume 1 
Abstract
Mutational and selective mechanisms shaping large-scale organization and evolution of chromosomes
Maria Kowalczuk, Dorota Mackiewicz, Pawel Mackiewicz, Natalia Polak, Kamila Smolarczyk, Joanna Banaszak, Miroslaw R. Dudek, Stanislaw Cebrat
Pages: 87 - 101
Number of pages: 15
Current Topics in Genetics
Volume 1 

Copyright © 2005 Research Trends. All rights reserved

ABSTRACT
 
Sequencing projects provide a lot of information on genome structure, organization and evolution. Whole-genome analyses reveal large biases in nucleotide composition of genes and chromosomes, coding density and gene distribution, which are not easy to explain in the cause-effect manner. Usually these problems are approached from either neutralist or selectionist point of view. The present work is a review of phenomena of the whole-genome scale and their possible explanations. The major process which shapes organization of bacterial chromosomes is DNA replication, while in eukaryotic chromosomes it is mostly transcription and isochore structure. Asymmetric structure of chromosomes related with mechanisms of replication and inner asymmetry of genes related with protein coding function influence frequency and kinds of rearrangements and the rate of gene evolution. The mutational and selection pressures are tuned to optimize the costs of evolution. The key role in this process is played by the genetic code, which is universal for the whole living world and to which both mutational and selective pressures have had to adapt.

 

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