This review is mainly focused to describe our research findings which dietary fiber (DF) as dietary factor plays an important role in the suppression of hyperuricemia induced by dietary purine compounds in rats.  It has been observed that dietary RNA and adenine under the condition of fiber-free diet caused the overproduction-type hyperuricemia and the underexcretion-type hyperuricemia in rats, respectively. Feeding DF lowered the serum uric acid concentration and the urinary uric acid excretion, and increased the amount  of RNA excreted into the feces compared with fiber-free. The in vitro examinations revealed that DF inhibited the digestion of RNA and the uptakes of RNA degradation products.    DF was found to suppress the elevation of uric acid and urea nitrogen concentrations in serum of the adenine-fed rats, and also to mitigate the decreased excretions of these compounds into urine and the increased retention of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (2,8-DHA) in kidney and urine. DF decreased an uptake of ¹⁴C-labeled adenine in the rat jejunum in vitro.  These results reveal that DF suppressed both the overproduction-type and the underexcretion-type hyperuricemia induced by dietary RNA and adenine, respectively, and the effect of DF varied with the type of DF.  The mechanism by which is presumed to be mediated by the suppression of the digestion and absorption of dietary RNA and the absorption of dietary adenine. Accordingly, it is strongly suggested that       DF   may   play   an   effective  role  for  the  prevention of hyperuricemia induced by an excess intake of dietary purine compounds in humans.