ABSTRACT Imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid and derivatives thereof have been used in the discovery of bioactive compounds and in the scientific exploration for interesting new materials. Many derivatives of this scaffold, such as those bearing primary or secondary amides, form intramolecular hydrogen bonds that bias the overall conformation of the molecule. Bioactive derivatives of the scaffold include compounds targeting HIV-1 protease, potential kinase inhibitors with antiproliferative activity against HL-60 cells, bicyclic derivatives with antiviral activity against Flaviviridae viruses, and inhibitors of the protein-protein interaction between Hepatitis C glycoprotein E2 and CD81. Research into the material applications of this scaffold include the study of high nitrogen content polymers from I45DA derivatives, its use as a cocrystallization aid for amino acids, as well as studies of metal-bound complexes, supramolecular metal-organic assemblies, and coordination polymers.
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