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Current Trends in Immunology   Volumes    Volume 11 
Abstract
New direction for HIV-1 vaccine
Omar Bagasra, Donald Gene Pace
Pages: 1 - 13
Number of pages: 13
Current Trends in Immunology
Volume 11 

Copyright © 2010 Research Trends. All rights reserved

ABSTRACT
 
Recent failures and terminations of potential anti-HIV-1 vaccine trials underscore the challenges of tackling diseases whose heaviest burden falls on developing nations. A quarter century after AIDS was first reported, an impressive mountain of scientific research has accumulated, and although the vaccine summit has not yet been reached, further research can now be more focused on the most promising avenues unearthed by earlier HIV research. The quest for a vaccine, although seemingly a response to an intractable problem, can still succeed. Major and minor breakthroughs over the centuries give reason for optimism, as do the huge sums that continue to be allocated to HIV-1 researchers. Efforts to formulate a vaccine based on the classical immune responses have not yet succeeded. SIVs, epidemic among African non-human primates (ANHPs), cause no immunodeficiency, but we still do not know why. We propose that clues for an HIV-1 vaccine have long been available in the natural world, but still need to be identified. We maintain that it would be wise to consider alternative approaches to a vaccine based on classical immunity. We maintain that (CI) has not succeeded because it is not the protective mechanism against retroviruses and other retroelements (REs). REs are genetic parasites and intracellular invaders of host cell genomes. Nature has evolved the means to protect their genetic integrity through intracellular nucleic acid based defense mechanisms. We need to learn more about these natural means. We propose that these defenses are based on double stranded (ds) RNAs - microRNAs (miRNAs) or other non-coding dsRNAs (ncRNAs). This article, which proposes alternative approaches that we hope will aid contemporary researchers, focuses heavily on dsRNA-based immunity.
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