Electrochemical template synthesis (ETS) is promising and rapidly developing field of contemporary electrochemistry. The synthesis involves the use of natural or fabricated template which directs deposition of a desired material into structures determined by its shape and geometry. In the following paper we review recent advances in the area of electrochemical template synthesis of organic conjugated polymers. Our interest is focused mainly on synthetic strategies employed to fabricate 2D polymeric patterns or 3D nano/microstructures, including particles, hollow structures, tubes, fibers, etc. This review discusses advantages and limitations of various templates reported in the literature ranging from patterned monomolecular films and porous membranes to gas bubbles or particle-array assemblies. A particular stress is laid on possible applications of template approach to electronics, chemical analysis and sensor development.