ABSTRACT This short communication presents the advantages of a novel study idea for the integrated bioprocessing of lactose, cellulose, and starch, which is carried out by creating cell factories without genetic modification. Two kinds of cell factories have been developed. To prepare the first, microorganism cells were covered with starch gel (SG) or alginates (ALG), which contain an appropriate enzyme or microbe capable of hydrolyzing lactose, cellulose, or starch. The second involves immobilizing microorganisms on various bacterial cellulose membranes, followed by fermentation. Operating two, three, or four bioprocesses in a single bioreactor has several advantages, including major benefits for economic and sustainable development. This short communication reveals a new concept to produce two products simultaneously such as lactic acid and succinic acid, lactic acid and PHB, lactic acid and butan-di-ol building block etc. in the same bioreactor using whey. Moreover, the membrane multi-stage tower bioreactor (MMTB) can be utilized to conduct this study.
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