Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) which originates in southwestern Ethiopia plays a key role in the Ethiopian economy and the livelihoods of millions of people. All parts of the coffee plant, namely stem, leaf, flower, fruit, and root, are fed upon by various insect pests of coffee. Globally, over 3000 species of insects and mites are associated with coffee. However, only a few of them have major significance in Ethiopia and other coffee growing countries in Africa among which, the Antestia bugs, Antestiopsis spp. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), coffee leaf miners, Leucoptera spp. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), and the coffee green scale, Coccus spp. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) are the major pests of coffee. Insect pests cause a reduction in yield, and lower the bean and liquor qualities of coffee. Insect pest problem is more severe in plantation coffee as compared to traditional coffee production systems. Traditional coffee production is predominantly practiced by smallholder farmers, where farmers use cultural pest management practices. Besides, diverse species of natural enemies help keep major insect pests of coffee below the damaging level. This review presents the biology and ecology of important insect pests of coffee and pest management practices in Ethiopia.