A study to investigate the breeding habitats of larval mosquitoes and the physicochemical factors that influence their abundance was conducted in Awka South Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria, between October, 2017 and September, 2018. Mosquito larvae were collected from breeding sites by dip and emergence methods. Physicochemical properties of breeding habitats were studied by analyses of water samples from the sites. Physicochemical parameters analysed include pH, water surface temperature, water depth, total dissolved oxygen, salinity and conductivity. Temperature and water depth were measured in the field using mercury thermometer and meter rule, respectively. Total dissolved oxygen was obtained by titration, while other parameters were determined using Myron L6psi Multiparameter water kit. A total of 815 larval mosquitoes were collected in the study. There was no significant difference in the number of mosquitoes collected using different methods (p = 0.734, p > 0.05). Six mosquito species namely, Anopheles gambiae (73 (8.95%)), An. funestus (34 (4.17%)), Aedes aegypti (100 (12.26%)), Ae. albopictus (93 (11.41%)), Culex tigripes (41 (5.03%)) and C. quinquefasciatus (474 (58.15%)) were collected in their larval stages. Culex quinquefasciatus larvae (474 (58.15%)) was the most abundant while An. funestus larvae (34 (4.17%)) was the least. There was a significant difference in mosquito species collected from the breeding sites (p = 0.000, p < 0.05). Mosquito larvae were collected in the mean monthly pH range values of 6.2-6.7 and total dissolved oxygen 8.2-15.5 mg/L. Only mean monthly total dissolved oxygen of breeding sites had a significant relationship to the abundance of mosquito larvae (r = 0.581). Integrated control of mosquitoes targeted mainly at the larval stages was recommended.