Methylphenidate (MPD) known as Ritalin is one of the most common pharmacological drugs used in the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). It is also gaining popularity as a cognitive enhancer and for recreational purposes. Treatment of ADHD with psychostimulants lasts for a prolonged period of time and can evoke adverse effects such as schizophrenia, withdrawal, sensitization, tolerance and conditioned place preference. Drug dependence is experimentally determined at least in part by its capacity to elicit withdrawal, tolerance or sensitization. This article aims to provide a short review on the effects of MPD on animal behavior.