Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed in muscle fibers, suggesting potential roles of vitamin D in maintaining muscle homeostasis. The active metabolite of vitamin D, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ [1α,25(OH)₂D₃], also known as calcitriol, exerts biological effects by binding to VDR to activate both genomic and non-genomic signaling. The effects of 1α,25(OH)₂D₃ on myoblasts, myotubes, or skeletal muscle have been extensively investigated but the regulatory mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Understanding how vitamin D signaling contributes to muscle homeostasis may provide valuable insight into an effective intervention strategy for muscle wasting disorders. This review will highlight the roles of 1α,25(OH)₂D₃ in myoblast proliferation, differentiation, and muscle regeneration and discuss the controversial issues associated with it.