Gastrointestinal (GI) problems in critically ill patients are common and are associated with impaired outcomes, and GI tract dysfunction can become a prognostic factor after surgery. Clinical studies have demonstrated that plasma concentrations of different biomarkers, such as motilin and ghrelin, may reflect various aspects of GI function. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between GI motility and the plasma concentrations of three GI peptides (motilin, acyl-ghrelin, and desacyl-ghrelin) after otolaryngological surgery. In this prospective single-center observational study, the records of 11 patients were analyzed. The GI response was assessed by the observation of defecation, bowel sounds, or bowel distension within five days after otorhinolaryngological surgery. Differences between the GI response and nonresponse groups were analyzed through changes in the GI peptides. A significant difference in motilin changes was observed between the GI response and nonresponse patient groups, suggesting that the plasma concentration of motilin is correlated with gastrointestinal motility after otolaryngological surgery. These results might suggest that motilin could be an index reflecting GI motility after otorhinolaryngological surgery.