Mental and autoimmune disorders represent a wide range of different diseases and they are currently one of the most common health problems. In recent years, a significant association between these two types of disorders has been observed, supported by both their frequent coexistence and other important findings such as shared genetic risk factors, the discovery of neuronal surface antibodies or immune system changes related to some psychical disorders. This review attempts to map the autoimmune diseases that occur more often or rarely in patients with various psychical disorders (and conversely) and also describes possible mechanisms that may play a significant role in the development of this phenomenon.