ABSTRACT Atomistic visualization of structural dynamics in grain boundaries, interfaces and surfaces in crystals is realized by time-resolved high-resolution transmission electron microscopy at a spatial resolution of 0.2 nm and a time resolution of 1/60 s. Various types of atomic processes in mechanical interaction, grain boundary migration, atomic diffusion and desorption in surfaces, and interface formation in gas-phase epitaxial growth and direct bonding, are demonstrated in this review.
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