Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are chemicals that remain intact in the environment for long periods and become widely distributed geographically. Generally POPs are hydrophobic and therefore, readily bind to the particle fraction in lake, river and coastal waters. Subsequently, via sedimentation processes, these chemicals are deposited to the bottom. Thus, the analysis of these compounds in sediments is of great interest. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a solventless, fast and sensitive alternative extraction method that can be applied to numerous environmental matrices. Particular considerations for the SPME process may be taking into account by the special affinity of POPs to sediments. The analytical characteristics of the applications of SPME for sediment sample preparation in (POPs) analysis, and new trends and approaches, are reviewed in this paper.