Many countries have been facing the emergence, re-emergence, expansion and urbanization of vector borne-diseases, such as leishmaniasis. The assessment of feeding diet of Phlebotominae provides important information on attraction of vectors to potential reservoirs (wild, synanthropic and domestic mammals) and anthropophilic habits, which can reflect the ability to occupy new areas resulting in changes of transmission profiles. Thus, this review article aims to discuss the available information on feeding habits of insect vectors of human pathogens, based on the used techniques, discussing their application, benefits and limitations. In this context, the discussion focuses on Phlebotominae vectors of Leishmaniasis.