About three percent of trauma patients have peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs), which lead to the loss of motor function. Autologous nerve grafts are still considered as the gold standard for injured peripheral nerve repair, but this would lead to loss of function of the donor sites. Hence, several therapies are being developed for PNI repair of which the three major strategies are: (1) bridging the lesion with biocompatible conduits, (2) usage of stem cells to replace the damaged cells and provide a suitable environment and paracrine factors for nerve regeneration, and (3) usage of neurokines and growth factors to promote nerve regeneration. Combinations of these strategies show better functional recovery in preclinical studies and are likely to become mainstream treatments in the future. In this review, we discuss progress in our work and future direction in using biomaterials, stem cells and neurokines to repair PNIs.