Polyamines are ubiquitous substances. Their intracellular concentration is controlled quickly and rigorously by extremely sophisticated systems. Its depends on metabolism and cellular permeability. Polyamines act as structural and functional elements in the cell (nucleic acid conformation, cytoskeleton, radioprotection, apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation of cells...). They play a role in various diseases (origin of food allergy, cancers, parasitism...). They appear essential in many functions of the cells. Nevertheless, additional information is needed for complete understanding of the role of food polyamines in general health as well as in the development of diseases.