An increasing number of viruses have been shown to require the microtubule cytoskeleton for entry into and egress from the infected host cell. The transport of virions and/or their components along microtubules depends on the host cell molecular motors dynein and kinesin. This review highlights the known interactions involving viral proteins and the subunits of dynein/kinesin. The biological relevance of these interactions are discussed in the context of the viral replication cycle.