Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that depression is approximately twice as common in females as in males. There is also some evidence that there are gender differences in the clinical manifestations. Some studies have addressed the epidemiological and pharmacological implications of gender-associated differences in the overall treatment response to antidepressants in clinical practice. Recently, several new antidepressants have become available. However, antidepressants do not have the same effect in all patients all the time. It is important to be able to predict which patients would most likely benefit from particular antidepressants. To examine gender differences in treatment remission in depressed patients treated with fluvoxamine, paroxetine, sertraline, milnacipran, or maprotiline, a retrospective cohort analysis was carried out. Three hundred and sixty-eight patients were identified who had been treated with one of fluvoxamine, paroxetine, sertraline, milnacipran, or maprotiline for depression. This study was done to explore the gender differences in the effect of these antidepressants. Among female patients with depression, the remission rate was higher with sertraline and maprotiline than with fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and milnacipran. Furthermore, authors summarized the gender differences in the effect of other SSRIs (fluoxetine, citalopram), SNRIs (venlafaxin, duloxetine), selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (reboxetine), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (phenelzine, tranylcypromine, L-deprenyl) and noradrenaline dopamine reuptake inhibitor (bupropion), and concluded clinical use of antidepressants for gender.