This review focuses on the structural diversity of vibsane-type diterpenoids. Vibsane-type diter-penoids are considered to be rarely occurring natural products because they have been found exclusively in a few Viburnum species such as V. awabuki, V. odoratissimum, and V. suspensum. These diterpenoids are further classified into 11-membered ring, 7-membered ring, and rearranged (neovibsanin) types, and therefore, their chemical diversity forms a unique chemical library. We describe the absolute stereochemistry of the typical 11-membered ring vibsanins B and F, a variety of vibsane-type diterpenoids, the chemical correlations between the three subtypes, and their biological activities.